Direct
Speech Dan Indirect Speech
Pengertian :
- Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh si pembicara-
- Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh si pembicara-
- Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak
Langsung) kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-kata pembicara kepada
orang lain. Kalimat ini digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata
seseorang kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung .
Prinsip kerja kalimat
ini terdiri dari :
1.
REPORTING SPEECH
Reporting
Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat direct speech yang di tandai oleh tanda
petik (") dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik (").
- We says (Dia berkata)
- She asked (Dia berkata)
- He said (Kami berkata)
Contoh :
- He said, "I have a surprise party for you in my home."
- She
asked me, "why do you lie to
me."
2.
REPORTED SPEECH
Bagian awal dari kalimat direct speech
- He said, "I have a surprise party for you in my home."
- He said, "I have a surprise party for you in my home."
- She asked me, "why do you lie to me."
Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
* Statement
kalimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech,
tanda petik dihilangkan dan digantikan dengan kata "that (bahwa)" sebagai
penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang
dilaporkan (reported words) .
Direct :
S + (Aux) + V
Indirect :
That + S + (aux) + V
Contoh :
-
You said to me :”You may borrow a pen now.” (direct)
-
You said to me that i might borrow a pen then
(indirect)
* Question
kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya "yes-no
question" maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether .
Yes / No Question
Direct :
Aux + S + V ... ?
Indirect :
If
+ S + (aux) + V
Whether
Contoh :
-
She asked him :”Do you like me ?”
-
She asked me if/whether i like him
* WH / How – Questions (Why, Who, What, When, WHere, How)
Direct :
WH + aux + S
+ V ....?
How
Indirect
:
WH + S + V...
How
Contoh :
-
She asked me : “Why dont you come to my birthday party
?”(direct)
-
She asked me why did i come to her birthday party
(indirect)
* Imperatif
Dibagi menjadi 2 :
-
Positif
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan
kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah
yang dilaporkan .
Direct :
V1
Be
Indirect :
To V1
Be
Contoh :
-
She asks me : “close the door !
-
She ask me to close the door
-
Negatif
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to
di depan perintah yang dilaporkan .
Direct :
Don’t + V1
Be
Indirect :
Not + to V1
Be
Contoh :
-
Vica told Adam :”Don’t enter this class !’
-
Vica told Adam not to enter that class
* Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs
of time and place)
Direct Indirect
1. Now Then
2. To day That
day
3. Tomorrow The
day after
The
following day
A
day latter
4. Next The..after
The
following..
5. Last The..before
The previous..
6. Ago Before
Earlier
7. Yesterday The day before
The previous day
The preceeding day
8. The day before yesterday Two day before
9. Here There
10. This That
11. These Those
*
Perubahan
Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech
Direct Indirect
1.
Simple Present Simple Past
2.
Present Continous Past Continous
3.
Present Future Past Future
4.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
5.
Present Perfect
Continous Past Perfect
Continous
6.
Simple Past Past Perfect
7.
Past Continous Past Perfect
Continous
* Perubahan Kata Kerja
Direct Indirect
1.
V1 V2
2.
V2 Had
+ V3 (Had + V3)
3.
Am/is/are Was/were
4.
Do/does Did
5.
Do/does not Did
not
6.
Did not Had
not + V3
7.
Was/were Had
been
8.
Am/is/are + V-Ing Was/were +
V-Ing
9.
Was/were + V-Ing Had been +
V-Ing
10. Has/have + V3 Had
+ V3
11. Wiil/shall/can/may/must Would/should/could/might/had to
12. Could/might/should/would + V1/be Could/might/should/would+have+ V3/been
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